医疗和牙科

科学家设计3D打印的帽钉牙齿启发的微针斑块,用于无痛药物

来自Arizona State University南加州大学已经开发了3D打印的微针斑块,可用于无痛地输送药物。

Inspired by the hierarchical structure of the limpet (an aquatic snail with extremely strong teeth), the team created a reinforced microneedle array that showed enhanced resistance to long-term use. What’s more, utilizing a magnetic field‐assisted 3D printing (MF‐3DP) process, the device’s morphology could be optimized in future to deliver drugs without causing patient discomfort during clinical trials.

The joint research team's bio-inspired needles were constructed using iron-infused polymers. Image via the Advanced Functional Materials journal.
The joint research team’s bio-inspired needles were constructed using iron-infused polymers. Image via the Advanced Functional Materials journal.

Injections: 3D printing away the pain

皮下注射针可能由于其低成本和相对较大的容量而被使用了150多年,但是它们的插入通常伴随着疼痛,并且会产生大量的医疗废物。为了解决这些问题,在1970年代更方便,能够携带多种药物并在使用后导致疼痛减轻,引入了微针斑块。

If these microneedles were to be 3D printed, they could be created with customized geometries to increase the effectiveness of different drugs, but so far, a lack of precision has prevented this. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and inkjet printing-based approaches for instance, have required extensive and costly post-processing, to sharpen and refine the devices’ features.

此外,以前的实验针必须相对较大才能提供足够的强度,但是发现这种扩大的大小会增加插入过程中的疼痛。为了克服这些局限性,科学家转向了一个不太可能的来源:the绳。最近的研究表明,由众多分层纳米纤维组成的海洋生物的牙齿是自然界中发现的最强材料之一。

Building on the evolutionary advantages of the limpet, the team attempted to design a bio-inspired needle array, with improved mechanical performance and the potential for pain-free drug delivery.

研究人员使用创新的磁场辅助3D打印过程来创建其微针。图像通过高级功能材料杂志。
研究人员使用创新的磁场辅助3D打印过程来创建其微针。图像通过高级功能材料杂志。

The researchers’ bio-inspired microneedle array

绑架的牙齿归功于其谷岩矿物质的独特对齐,使它们难以使用传统的微加工方法复制。结果,联合团队选择部署MF-3DP技术,通过该技术将磁场用于将氧化铁纳米颗粒(AIO)对齐在可光化的聚合物材料中。

利用立体光刻(SLA)系统,团队随后选择性地治疗复合材料,通过调节不同点处的磁颗粒的浓度来调节针的直径。将所得的微针以四方模式制造,每个锥形装置的直径为200 µm,但发现分辨率受针的宽度影响。

通过调整打印机的光穿透深度,团队发现他们能够更精确地调整设备的宽度,最终仅达到8 µm的宽度。更重要的是,在测试过程中,科学家的生物启发阵列比纯聚合物印刷的设计更强,该设计具有较低的交联,并在插入插入时弯曲。

为了评估其微针斑块的减轻疼痛元素,研究人员将其应用于小鼠,并观察到与有和没有斑块的人没有行为差异。该团队还测试了猪皮上其设备的药物输送能力,并发现可以在两天内成功注射并释放荧光素。

总的来说,科学家们认为他们的方法to be a success, as their microneedles had shown enhanced mechanical integrity due to their limpet-inspired alignment. In future, the precision of the team’s MF-3DP process could enable the development of needles with customizable microscopic features, for use within biomedical and clinical applications.

3D打印药物输送系统

Microneedle patches have been around since the 1970s, so it’s hardly surprising that advances in 3D printing have led to the development of numerous additive variants, in recent years.

一个团队罗格斯大学,已经部署了一种投影微型造影术(PµSL)技术来创建bioinspired, programmable microneedles。基于寄生虫的微钩,蜜蜂的刺刺和豪猪的羽毛笔,这些设备被设计为在插入过程中的水平变形,以使其微创。

Similarly, scientists from坦普尔大学从蜂蜜蜜蜂那里汲取了灵感optimize the design of surgical needles。该团队基于聚合物的3D打印设备具有“带刺”的蜜蜂样布局,他们假设该布局可以减少针刺期间的组织损伤。

在其他地方,研究人员University of Texas at Dallas(ut dallas)创建了一个新的low-cost method of making microneedle arrays。By combining a desktop 3D printer with a chemical etching technique, the team were able to fabricate microscopic pins for use within multiple medical devices.

研究人员的发现在其论文中详细介绍了“Limpet Tooth‐Inspired Painless Microneedles Fabricated by Magnetic Field‐Assisted 3D Printing。”这项研究由西吉亚·李,魏顿山,杨杨,迪伦·乔拉尔蒙,叶宗Zhu,Yiyu Chen,Yuan Yuan,Han Xu,Jiahui Rong,Rui Rong,Rui Dai,Qiong nian,Yang Chai和Yang Chai和Yong Chen进行了合着。

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特色图像显示了一组笨拙的life绳使用超强的牙齿将附近的岩石固定在附近的岩石上。通过Miguel Saavedra的照片,免费图像。