研究人员在Technische Universität Berlin（柏林图）和Brunel Universityhave come up with a way of turning 3D printing concrete into a more robust, eco-friendly building material.
By partially replacing the sand in the Portland cement used to make concrete with recycled glass, limestone and plastic fillers, the team has managed to drastically improve its strength and thermal conductivity. Having already deployed their novel material to 3D print chunks of wall, the engineers say that with further R&D, it could eventually be used to erect the better-insulated buildings of the future.
研究人员“目前使用大量天然沙子来满足世界上对混凝土的满足感，这是对环境的巨大成本。”告诉对话。“我们的新研究提出了一种遏制这种影响的方法。我们的研究表明，超轻量级，隔热良好的3D建筑物是可能的 - 这可能是我们迈向净零的任务迈出的至关重要的一步。”
改善混凝土的可持续性
通常，混凝土由水泥，水和沙子等骨料混合制成，但后者通常来自河床和海滩不可持续的。更重要的是，根据研究人员的说法，经常添加大量昂贵的混合物，以确保该水泥具有足够的流动性和可建造可用于3D打印的功能，从而提高了其用于构建的任何结构的成本。
为了解决这些缺点，已经进行了大量研究，以用各种不同的填充剂或天然聚集体代替水泥中的粘合剂。例如，在2020年，一个团队汤吉大学proved it possible toadd sand recovered from demolitionsin place of cement, without impacting its printing properties, albeit at the cost of modifications that affected its workability.
同样，工程师在NTU新加坡以前已经证明了将废玻璃掺入混凝土中，发现它改善了材料的流动性，但是在实际测试中，混合物仍然显示出弱的可建造性。
Taking inspiration from these approaches, the Anglo-German team have now taken recycled glass bottles, crushed them down, washed, dried, milled and sieved them, before mixing them into concrete. The engineers have also added limestone and tiny plastic spheres to their mixture in measured amounts, which are designed to act as sustainable binders that yield structures with improved thermal properties.
更好地塑造未来的建筑物
最初，研究人员制定了六种不同的混凝土混合物，每种混凝土混合物由50至100％的玻璃废物骨料组成，然后将它们打印成40 x 40 x 40 x 160 mm的样品集。有趣的是，在这样做的过程中，团队发现他们的所有混合物都具有在打印后保持其形状所需的流动性，但是那些包含微球的人确实需要更长的时间才能塑造形状。
话虽这么说，工程师还发现，将这些轻质填充剂集成到它们的材料中，使其可以将其沉积到传统3D打印混凝土中的导热率低40％的样品中，而抗压强度测试表明，随着更多废物的浪费，它们的阻力实际上增加了引入了玻璃。
Given the benefits of insulation as means of reducing the need to consistently warm and cool down buildings, the team therefore see their material as ideal for helping construct future low-carbon infrastructure. The researchers also believe their concrete could unlock the potential of construction 3D printing, a technology they view as having inherent sustainability benefits of its own.
“Using 3D printing technology, we can develop a wall structure on a computer, convert it to simple code and send it to a 3D printer to be constructed,” concluded the researchers. “3D printers can operate for 24 hours a day, decrease the amount of waste produced, as well as increase the safety of construction workers.”
随着混凝土3D打印的继续朝着主流建设发展，早期市场领导者和研究人员的注意力已经开始完善技术背后的材料。与盎格鲁 - 德国研究人员类似RMIT大学也玩弄了将再生玻璃添加到混凝土中last year, finding that resulting materials had strong circular credentials.
Working withcobod, building material specialistCEMEX还开发了一种制作常规混凝土3D可打印，并有可能改善技术的可访问性。通过将其D.FAB混合物整合到日常混凝土中，该公司提出了一种材料，据说“瞬间增强形状”，它借出了大量的交货时间和施工成本最小的功能。
研究人员的发现在其论文中详细介绍了“3D可打印的轻质胶结复合材料，带有掺入废玻璃骨料和扩展的微球 - 流变，热和机械性能。”这项研究是由Karla Cuevas，Mehdi Chougan，Falk Martin，Seyed Hamidreza Ghaffar，Dietmar Stephan和Pawel Sikora共同撰写的。
要了解最新的3D印刷新闻，请不要忘记订阅3D打印行业通讯或跟随我们推特或喜欢我们的页面Facebook。
为了深入研究添加剂制造，您现在可以订阅我们的雷电竞充值YouTube频道，包括讨论，汇报和3D打印进程的镜头。
您是否正在寻找添加剂制造业的工作？雷电竞充值访问3D打印作业在行业中选择一系列角色。
特色图像显示了由回收骨料部分制成的3D打印墙的部分。通过Tu柏林/布鲁内尔大学的Mehdi Chougan的照片。
