德国亚兴大学技术与创新管理小组的研究人员预测，在2030年，增材制造业最可能使用。雷电竞充值
The study was conducted to help strategic planning and decision making for manufacturers, engineers and researchers in the field, and can be在《技术预测和社会变革杂志》中全面审查。
Delphi过程
Rather than simply assessing its role as manufacturing an end product, the RWTH Aachen study assess additive manufacturing’s implications within the entire process of production: from supply chains and logistics, to planning a product’s life-cycle and influencing consumer behavior. This is supported by a quote from The Royal Academy of Engineering, based in London, UK, featured in the study’s introduction,
雷电竞充值增材制造不仅是一种破坏性技术，有可能取代许多常规制造工艺，而且还是一种允许新的商业模式，新产品和新供应链蓬勃发展的技术。
The full study took part in four stages, as detailed in the diagram below. Initial projections were gained from extensive reading, workshops with industry experts and controlled interviews.
为了对技术的社会和经济影响有广泛的看法，访谈不仅涉及添加剂制造业的专家，而且介绍了IT法律和政治专家以及未来学家的专家。雷电竞充值
这些预测将在其他两个阶段进行评估，以确定18个核心概念的表。
通过将发生的概率与这些事情发生的确定性相关联，最可能的因素被隔离了。
制造的本地化
Firstly, there’s a clear trend for the production of spare parts in supply chain and localization. As explained by the analysis:
不太关键的零件将通过添加剂制造在本地生产，而关键零件将在具有特定资格/质量控制技能的专业枢纽中制作雷电竞充值，主要是使用常规制造技术。
独立和政府资助的高级制造业毫无疑问，设施是这一预测的支持因素。
The UK recently allocated数百万英镑的资金to develop such plants in what has been termed the Northern Powerhouse – moving the economy to the North of England rather than being localized to the country’s capital and surrounding areas.
Mass-customization
其次，消费者和市场趋势中的产品属性被强调为朝着大规模定制的环境发展。
一位研究专家提出，“Physical products will become increasingly like software based services. They arecontinuously differentiated and improved.”
由于加性制造的产品是数字存储的，因此该研究补充说“they remain in a continuous “beta” state”这意味着他们总是准备好修改。
Not only is this evident in large manufacturers,例如劳斯莱斯，采用更定制的方法，在启动企业中也探索了它Bre＆Co。来自Makerbot创始人Bre Pettis。
Ease of customization is, after all, one of the biggest advantages of 3D printing over existing manufacturing methods.
Creative Commons and open source licences become a necessity
最后，研究发现“知识产权的重要性将减少，侵权将成为主要威胁，并且分销渠道将经历严重的变化。”
This is a major concern underpinning 3D file sharing communities such as Thingiverse, but one that experts feel will become an inevitable part of additive manufacturing industry.
3D打印行业仔细观察在本文中的3D打印中的知识产权问题。
该研究预测，尽管政府可能会采取措施试图保护知识产权，但开放采购该技术的必要性将由企业所利用，而是分享资源。
Desktop 3D printers
有趣的是，该研究还发现，使用桌面3D打印机的消费者的可能性有32％的机会发生，这可能会因在制造商实验室中公共使用该技术的公共使用而降低。雷电竞app下载
2030年有27.68％的机会将有3D生物打印器官。这反映在3D Bioprinting的发展速度上，因为科学家仍在采取必要的小步骤来成为整个3D印刷器官。
作者预测添加剂制造的未来：关于2030年3D印刷的经济雷电竞充值和社会影响的Delphi研究are Professors Robin Kleer and Frank Piller, and research associate Ruth Jiang.
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Featured image shows a vision of the digital factory of the future from Siemens – who already have implemented “Smart Factory” principles into their Electronic Works manufacturing plant In Amberg, Germany. Image via: Siemens online community
