研究

Self-assembling 3D printing inks produce more true-to-life tissue

Biological and chemical researchers are developing 3D printable inks capable of self-assembly, i.e. forming a shape based on a reaction within itself.

在本文中,3D打印行业研究了两篇论文,探索了3D打印以进行自组装墨水。首先自组装基于肽的水凝胶的3D细胞生物打印from researchers at the University of Manchester, UK. And second,3D自组装热纳米乳液的印刷成层次结构水凝胶from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).

首先,将水凝胶带有自组装到其3D印刷形状中的干细胞。

第二,探索了一种新型的用于增值税聚合的墨水,通过对热的反应进行自组装。

曼彻斯特大学水凝胶

There are two possible approaches to tissue engineering: designing from the ‘top down’, or the ‘bottom up’. The use of 3D printing is explored in both approaches.

When tissue engineering is conducted from the top down, a 3D printed scaffold is coated in cells to form a tissue-like shape, as for example in theCase Western Reserve University(CWRU)在俄亥俄州克利夫兰开发的石墨烯脚手架

相反,在自下而上的方法中cells are encapsulated within a materialthat mimics natural tissue and can then be left to culture. The mimicking material is typically a hydrogel, which is water-based and jelly-like. This is the method explored by the University of Manchester.

Possibilities for breast cancer research

为了与天然组织3D印刷材料相媲美,需要保留复杂的结构,柔软度与刚度的正确平衡,并能够鼓励细胞生长和扩散。

Domingos等人选择的材料。曼彻斯特的大学是由氨基酸组成的基于肽的水凝胶。肽中的氨基酸由碳,氢,氧气和氮组成,这对于人体在人体内部处理物质的能力至关重要。

与乳腺上皮细胞系在一起的3D印刷肽水凝胶晶格。微观图像通过:Domingos等人。
与乳腺上皮细胞系在一起的3D印刷肽水凝胶晶格。微观图像通过:Domingos等人。

该研究的结论发现,基于肽的水凝胶能够在培养7天后支持细胞增殖。这意味着细胞能够自然地自然会在体内采用的形状自我组装或“整理”。在这种情况下,乳腺上皮细胞的成功培养也赋予了使用该方法进行乳腺癌研究的范围。

图像显示细胞如何有效地在肽水凝胶中增殖。图像通过:Domingos等。
图像显示细胞如何有效地在肽水凝胶中增殖。图像通过:Domingos等。

富含细胞的肽水凝胶的3D打印过程是两种方式对“自上而下”方法的改进。首先,它不会损坏具有高温或辐射的有价值的干细胞。其次,这是一种更直接的方法。水凝胶结构内的3D打印单元切断了第一个3D打印脚手架所需的进一步步骤,然后将其涂在细胞中。

Heat sensitive MIT structures

Where the University of Manchester’s research takes the FFF layering approach to their 3D printed hydrogel, MIT looks at a photosensitive ink, 3D printable through the SLA vat polymerisation method. Heat-sensitivity is how the inks self-assemble to form a desired structure.

The process of SLA printing nanoemulsion ink. Image via: Doyle et al.
The process of SLA printing nanoemulsion ink. Image via: Doyle et al.

在此技术中,使用纳米乳剂,是由水和油组成的亚毫米液滴。由于它们是油基,因此纳米乳液排斥水,因此能够被操纵以控制水。将它们添加到3D结构中可以在结构中重新创建“静脉”,这些结构可用于模仿血管的功能,或以受控方式分泌药物。

该技术的目的类似于创建的哥伦比亚大学进行的研究基于水凝胶的钟状机制,也将药物释放到体内。然而,哥伦比亚大学的研究依赖于磁铁来控制药物的分泌,而纳米乳胶则使MIT的技术是一种微流体方法。

科学模仿自然

3D printing materials gives the precision control necessary to copy the complex shapes of cells found in living organisms. Developing self-assembling inks then encourages these cells to proliferate in a more natural way. Combining the two approaches gives a more faithful-to-life representation of cells within the body, enabling more accurate scientific research and understanding of the human body.

可以在此处颁发3D印刷行业奖项,包括杰出研究类别的提名。

特色图片显示在李皇家(Lee Royal)的水中墨水