The idea of 3D printing in construction truly germinated withEnrico Dini’s D-Shape。大规模3D打印机于2006年首次获得专利，捕获了全球建筑师和建筑商的想象力当它在2009年建造最大的3D印刷雕塑时，由安德里亚·摩根特（Andrea Morgante）设计的Radiolaria。D形作为新时代的建筑工具，指向建筑的未来，从钢铁和波特兰水泥的建筑文化转移，并缩小计算机设计技术与制造之间的差距。它带来了建筑中的自动化和设计自由，而传统的建筑在很大程度上取决于熟练的人员，体力劳动，霉菌，也是一个昂贵且耗时的过程。相比之下，D形方法更快四倍，其结构实现成本降低了30 - 50％。
不过，这是一项正在进行的工作，但它的潜力足以让欧洲航天局测试其建造月球基地，并让军队使用它来建造桥梁，掩体和其他基础设施。D形实质上使用无机粘合剂来凝固任何类型的沙子，灰尘或砾石的5 - 10 mm部分。任何几乎无限复杂性的结构都可以在6 x 6 x 6 m的体积内构建，使用打印机头握着300个伺服驱动的喷嘴，由四个铝制柱的框架固定。
The concept of using 3D printing for construction has been demonstrated before with the Canal House in the Netherlands, in China with mansions and tower blocks, and elsewhere with houses and castles. It has even been used to build underwater reefs using sand from the seabed. But these have been experiments at best, tiny ripples in the sea of the construction industry. It’s still to be seen how and where this ambitious but fledgling technology will fit in.
But ambitious it is and last August, architect Adam Kushner received the go-ahead to 3D print an entire estate in upstate New York using the D-shape. For its most challenging project yet, the D-Shape will build a swimming pool, a jacuzzi, a car port, and a 2,400 square foot house on a five-acre plot.
它将使用现场发现的材料，并使用基于镁的结构墨水将其绑定来构建结构。这不仅仅是另一个实验。正如库什纳所说的
“这不是多余的，也不是懒惰的建筑师。我认为这与汽车在改变城市的设计或印刷机如何改变通信方面一样重要。为什么？因为它使建筑和建筑民主化，并将其投入到每个人的手中，就像照相手机使每个人都是摄影师一样。并非每个人都擅长，但每个人都可以成为一个。”
Almost a year later, the project is finally underway, with surveying and excavation work about to commence. Difficulty in obtaining clearances from the military for the D-Shape (of which there is only one which is being used in Italy on a project partially funded by Italian Defense Agencies) has prevented the immediate import of the 3D printer into the USA. Now finally moving forward, the pool and jacuzzi should be ready by December this year, while the house could take until 2017.
如果D-Shape成功地证明了其能力，库什纳会认为它将为建筑和建筑的各种可能性开放，而不仅仅是出于商业目的，还为人道主义者提供了更多的可能性。
“This will serve as a way of using our project to … pave the way for more humanitarian purposes that we see as the highest and best use for our technology. If we can build a simple pool house, I can print thousands of refugee housings. If I can build a pool, I can print underwater reefs to repair bridges, piers and infrastructures.”
The advantages technologies such as theD-Shapebring tickle the imagination. Just like any other 3D printer, it directly builds from CAD models converted into .stl files. It is fully automated and the machine can be assembled at any location. Its special binder or ‘ink’ is environmentally friendly and allows for the use of existing materials found on-site to build structures that do not require iron reinforcement, have superior traction and resistance than portland cement, and can take almost any form, no matter how complex. Its advanced enough to resemble magic and what’s better, it’s here to stay.
来源和图像信用：CNN
