建筑师和工程师ETH Zurichare planning to build a 23-meter high tower made up of 3D printed columns which will become a cultural site in the small village of Mulegns in Switzerland.
The project’s goal is to revitalize the area, which is home to just 16 inhabitants, and to strengthen the association between culture, research and technology development, according to ETH Zurich’s Vice President for Research, Detlef Günther: “Because new knowledge often emerges where various disciplines meet.”
该塔将在现场使用机器人3D打印机建造，据说在75英尺处是有史以来最高的3D印雷电竞app下载刷结构之一。
“Eggshell” 3D printing with ETH Zurich
For concrete to be 3D printed in a construction setting, it typically needs to be supported by formwork as it transitions from a fluid material into a solid, which can be costly. Orthogonal structures also remain the norm, with many buildings constructed using more material than is really needed. While FDM 3D printing has shown promise within construction applications, the method’s speed, scale, and inability to produce thin printed structures to hold the concrete in place has somewhat prevented its widespread adoption.
In July 2020, researchers from ETH Zurich fused robotic large-scale FDM 3D printing with casting methods to devise a novel“eggshell” concrete 3D printing process。该技术使团队能够以更有效的方式生产复杂的结构，同时还可以最大程度地减少材料的横向压力，从而允许具有更复杂几何形状的印刷雕塑。
通过将大规模机器人FDM 3D打印与按需设置的数字铸造系统合并，该系统是由智能动态铸造（SDC）方法开发的，该方法是由苏黎世较早的团队在2014年设计的，可以使用薄的，薄的结构来创建更复杂的结构单层外壳作为模板。
Working with German engineering firm巴斯勒和霍夫曼, the Zurich team deployed the fabrication process to create a 3D printed “future tree” in the courtyard of the company’s headquarters, the columns of which were found to be self-supporting within a couple of hours.
ETH Zurich has also previously been involved in several other construction projects, having partnered withZaha Hadid Architectsto create a five-tonne3D printed curved shell concrete pavilion, and数字化制造三层楼的房屋using 3D printers and robotic arms.
Printing the White Tower
The rejuvenation project in Mulegns is the brainchild of Giovanni Netzer, Theatre Director and Founder of the Origen cultural festival. Together with theOrigen foundation, ETH Zurich Professor Benjamin Dillenburger and Michael Hansmeyer from theDigital Building Technologiesresearch group have designed the tower, which will consist mainly of organically-shaped 3D printed white concrete columns.
列支持四层,每一个元素een four and eight meters in height and form a dome at the top of the tower within which will be a stage where plays, dance performances and concerts will be held.
来自其他三位来自的ETH教授National Center of Competence in Research(NCCR) Digital Fabrication are also involved in the development of the tower alongside Dillenburger. Robert Flatt is in charge of mixing the printable concrete material, Walter Kaufmann is responsible for the structural integrity and connections of the printed parts, and Andreas Wieser will focus on the metrology and inspection elements of the build.
建造of the tower is due to begin on-site in April 2022. The robotic printer will reportedly be capable of printing a three-meter high column in just two hours, and each 3D printed element will be engineered so that the tower can be dismantled and rebuilt in another location.
使用3D打印来构建将使列的复杂几何形状能够生成，并且通过否定对模板的需求，还需要使用较少的原材料。
混凝土3D打印
3D打印越来越多地在施工领域使用，以提供增强的材料特征，降低制造时间尺度和成本，并提高建造新建筑物期间的材料效率。
A number of advances have occurred in this area in recent years, with researchers fromUC Berkeleyworking on a new method of incorporating3D printed polymer octet lattices将其作为加固，使结构的重量更轻，同时保留必要的负载能力。
Elsewhere, researchers at theUniversity of Sri Jayewardenepura在斯里兰卡和Northumbria Universityin the UK have identified the optimal parameter set for3D printing flame-retardent concrete walls, and scientists at theswinburne University of TechnologyandHebei University of Technology试图通过repurposing construction waste成3D可打印混凝土。
In May, a research team from thePolytechnic University of Valenciadeveloped a patented 3D printed alternative to reinforced concrete beams in the form of3D printed plastic blocksthat can be assembled like lego bricks and concreted in place.
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Featured image showsMulegns中3D打印的白色塔的外观渲染。通过Hansmeyer/Dillenburger图片。
