Research

麻省理工学院CSAIL optomizes multimaterial 3D printing by the voxel

Most objects that perform a function in our daily lives are made from more than one material. As such, uncovering a code to crack multimaterial capabilities is one of the core pursuits in cutting-edge 3D printing technology.

在硬件方面,制造商开发了双耳挤出,可互换的打印头,然后材料喷射系统有效地使用一种以上的塑料打印对象。

What these systems now need is a robust software that allows designers and engineers to make the most of a machine’s abilities.

In a recent study from the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab (CSAIL) at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), researchers seek to provide just that by breaking functional objects down into their voxels.

拓扑玻璃抓地力(中心)和桥(右)的体素结构的体素结构。图像Zhu,Skouras,Chen和Matusik的图像
拓扑玻璃抓地力(中心)和桥(右)的体素结构的体素结构。图像Zhu,Skouras,Chen和Matusik的图像

Design alone is not enough

Csail纸与计算机辅助设计的拓扑优化方法有关。

与麻省理工学院新闻交谈,第一作者Bo Zhu解释说:“从传统上讲,人们设计3D打印,但是当您想拥有一些更高级别的目标时(例如,您想设计具有最大刚度的椅子或设计一些功能性软握把的椅子 - 然后是直觉或直觉或经验也许还不够。”

朱补充说,通过理论数学,该研究结合了“设计循环中的物理和仿真”,以实现所需的功能。

Voxel by voxel

CSAIL研究人员采用对象的体素结构,展示了如何调整微结构以执行特定功能。

体素优化的软抓手用于拾取几何块。GIF通过麻省理工学院新闻。
体素优化的软抓手用于拾取几何块。GIF通过麻省理工学院新闻。

立方体组成使结构调整成为可能。在Csail研究中,立方体由两种基本材料组成。Stratasys硬透明树脂和柔性探戈黑色Plus。

CSAIL团队用两种基本材料分类了许多模式,这对应于年轻的模量变化以及压力下的托架比率的变化。

Examples of multimaterial patterns possible through optomization. Image via Zhu, Skouras, Chen & Matusik
Examples of multimaterial patterns possible through optomization. Image via Zhu, Skouras, Chen & Matusik

加载设计时,例如下面的柔软抓手,材料组合是从该目录中获取的,并根据目的进行排列。

Left: Voxel pattern composition of a 3D printed soft gripper. Right: The displacement of mechanical stresses created by this pattern of voxels. Image via Zhu, Skouras, Chen & Matusik
Left: Voxel pattern composition of a 3D printed soft gripper. Right: The displacement of mechanical stresses created by this pattern of voxels. Image via Zhu, Skouras, Chen & Matusik

进一步阅读

Directions for future work by Zhu, Skouras, Chen and Matusik includes an investigation of other multimaterial microstructures incorporating electrical or magnetic properties. The team also hope to advance the catalogue for a range of other engineering applications.

Workflow of CSAIL topology optomization. Image via csail.mit.edu/boolzhu
Workflow of CSAIL topology optomization. Image via csail.mit.edu/boolzhu

完整的论文Two-Scale Topology Optimization with Microstructures可以在图形上的ACM交易期刊中在线访问。它由Bo Zhu,MélindaSkouras,Desai Chen和Wojciech Matusik合着。

麻省理工学院的研究人员也正在开发铸造设计软件,称为“ 3D材料的Photoshop”。

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特色图像:通过验光实现多材料模式的示例。图像Zhu,Skouras,Chen和Matusik的图像