巴西的研究人员发表了一项研究，旨在通过3D打印来提高机器人机械假体的特征和可及性。
机械化的假体有可能提供可行的低成本替代方案，以模拟残疾人丢失的功能。但是，它的价值很高，意味着这些设备的购买力低，使它们无法访问。
在他们的论文中，研究人员详细介绍了3D打印来改善上肢机械假体，并通过通过编程实现拟人化特征，同时重要的是要确保设备的低财务成本。
使用3D打印增加医疗设备的可访问性
这项研究首次提出了详细th的状态e current market for prostheses. Although the development of such devices for the rehabilitation of amputees has been evolving, the researchers explain mechanical prostheses have a commercial disadvantage. “The prices charged for these prostheses are above the acquisition conditions for a large part of the population undergoing rehabilitation. The purchase of a prosthesis by people with low acquisition value ends up not being viable, and thus, they opt for non-automated mechanisms with low mechanical control and interaction with the user.”
In view of the problem, the study then positions 3D printing as a potential technology for designing effective prostheses with low cost: “It is possible to print models with characteristics similar to those of humans, giving it the ability to approach the resourcefulness of real human parts.”
确实，3D打印已被用来帮助增加定制医疗设备的可访问性例如截肢者的假体世界各地。最近在3D打印行业，我们详细介绍了如何3D Sierra Leone，一个荷兰非营利组织，正在提供定制的3D打印假肢西非国家的患者。使用3D打印，3D Sierra Leone致力于改善塞拉利昂的人们的生活，该生活经历了截肢，但无法获得相关的医疗服务。
在叙利亚，3D打印也被利用提供假肢as traditionally manufactured devices have been difficult to source amid the ongoing Civil War. The likes ofSyria Relief是在叙利亚工作的英国慈善机构，已恳求英国国际发展部（DFID）为儿童的3D假肢在国内。
3D printing mechanical prostheses
在他们的工作中介绍上肢假体具有拟人化特征和低财务成本的开发和改进，研究人员使用3D印刷零件与肌电图（EMG）传感器以及应变量规力传感器一起使用。
The design of the prosthesis was modelled in AutoDesk CAD software, before being 3D printed using an AnetA8 3D printer. As the AnetA8 is a low-cost system, it is not equipped with depth sensors to detect the approach of the extruder nozzle to the table, which can lead to a collision. As such, the researchers opted to modify the system, by implementing an inductive sensor for detecting metallic materials, and updating the firmware and calibration.
假体上的每个成分均设计为机械相互作用，相当于人手组成中存在的骨骼结构，该骨骼由27个骨头组成。“因此，在结构的建模结束时，达到了相当于37件的等效物，它们都结构化，以便可以通过内部电缆在动作过程中执行手指的运动。”
The internal structure of the prostheses included perforations of 2mm in diameter in order to allow the passage of cables through the device. The fist was attached to the hand and fingers using steel screws, and hard copper was utilized for connecting finger links.
The researchers selected PLA as the material for 3D printing in the first phase due to its 190°C melting point. Parameters for the 3D printing process were established using Simplify3D V4.1 software, in order to determine the amount of filament needed, and length of the printing process. To enable movement of the prosthetic fingers, high torque 13 kg / cm servo motors were used when powered at 4.8v, with 4.8 – 7.2 V operating capacity. The metal gears allow for less wear and great reliability in torque during the movement of the fingers. To measure the pressure of the fingers on the surface of the palm, the use of a force sensor with a measuring range between 100 grams to approximately 10kg was adopted, with a detection area of 15 mm in a circular format.
在测试设备的功能时，研究人员解释说：“鉴于假体和目标肌肉组织之间测量的结果被证明是令人满意的，并将其转换为设备的运动。因此，力传感器能够阻止运动，以防止手指闭合，以损坏假体的关节结构。”
该项目的最终收购价值为2,000卢比（374美元），而机械假体的当前市场平均值约为20万加元（37408美元）。
总结一下论文，研究人员详细介绍了对负担得起的3D印刷机械假体的研究如何进行：“旨在将未来的研究涉及机械假体的改进项目，这些传感器可能会模拟与人类皮肤相似的表面触摸的传感器，因为以及插入新力和EMG传感器以更好地处理肌肉心室中消失的刺激信号。”
纸，“上肢的机械机械假体的原型，低成本”国际高级工程研究与科学杂志。它由Thiago A. Do Carmo，Regina E. S. Cabette和Renato G. Gomes撰写。
The nominations for the2020 3D印刷行业奖现在开放。您认为谁应该在今年的演出中列出入围名单？现在有发言权。
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特色图显示了本工作（右）中真实模型（左）和开发的比较。图像通过国际高级工程研究与科学杂志。
